Human body surface is covered with different micro-biota flora that apparently have no harmful effects on us. The skin is an ecosystem, host to a microbial environment that, for the most part, is harmless1. But sometimes a chain of threatening microbes could attack mankind causing hazardous ailments.
Candidiasis is a common immune system disease and is caused by opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. Esophageal candidiasis and repeated mucocutaneous candidiasis are connected to Oral Squamous Cell Carcinomas (OSCC), esophageal carcinomas and lymphoid tumors2. Candida albicans could be associated to melanoma cell adherence and metastasis in liver through inflammation mediated pathway3.
Bacterial infection also, may induce dangerous symptoms and result in skin diseases. Many bacterial species such as; Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and causes many fatal diseases. Bacillus spp. and E. coli could induce severe infection of skin and soft tissue especially in immune suppressed patients4.
Plant kingdom comprise of a variety of medicinal plants that could provide us therapeutic drugs having anti-microbial and cyto-toxic activities. Plants belonging to genus Solanum i.e. Night shade plants belongs to such therapeutic category.
Solanum torvum, also known as Turkey Berry, is one such plant with many potential benefits. Glycosides isolated from S. torvum fruits showed cyto-toxic effect towards human melanoma (Type of cancer) 5. Low yield of active ingredients and lack of constancy, in addition to plant infections, are major problems regarding solanum plants6.
As a result, scientists performed a study with an important target S. torvum plant for producing bioactive compounds employing tissue culture technology. Besides, to evaluate the role of S. torvum callus extract and isolated glycol-alkaloids as Pharmaceutical anti candidiasis, antibacterial and cytotoxic agents against melanoma, lymphoma and breast carcinoma7.
Callus cultures of S. torvum were established on MS media with plant growth regulators. The main components of the methanolic extract were identified using HPLC analysis. Anti-candidiasis activity was examined against candida albicans.
It was found that tissue culture technology was competent in glycol-alkaloids and phenolics biosynthesis from S. torvum cultures. Besides, the glycol-alkaloids showed more efficacy regarding gram positive bacteria. Meanwhile, callus extract was more effective concerning gram negative bacteria.
Both callus extract and glycol-alkaloids stimulated cell cyto-toxicity against human melanoma, breast and lymphoblastic leukemia carcinomas cell lines demonstrating more effectiveness of the callus extract. As microbiomes are directly linked to several malignancies, accordingly current outcomes could be helpful in seeking for fast and effective treatments of the examined carcinomas and to modulate the related microbiome before and during the malady.
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17 November, 2019
